Abstract
Background: Rule changes such as the use of the additional field player in the attack to replace the goalkeeper can significantly change the tactical strategies of the handball game. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the use of the additional field player in offensive situations during the positional attack and counterattack suffered by the teams participating in the 2017 Women's Handball World Championship. Methods: The sample consisted of 15 matches in the knockout stage. In total, 1638 attack actions (positioned and counterattack) were identified and analyzed. For the exploratory analysis, we used descriptive statistics, obtaining the frequencies and respective percentages for each category of study variables for both situations: when the additional player was used and when not. Results: Our data showed that teams tend to use goalkeeper substitution by a field player to maintain numerical equality (54.9%), followed by the use to obtain numerical offensive advantage (41.3%). There were no differences in the throwing position (left wing, left back, center, pivot, right back and right wing) between situations with and without the additional field player. There was a significant increase in the number of errors when using the additional field player to gain numerical superiority in attack. In numerical equality and inferiority situations, no difference was found. The analyses also showed more counterattacks with goals and 9-m throws when using the additional field player. Conclusions: The use of the additional player did not bring advantages to the team, as more counterattacks were suffered.
Highlights
When analyzing the attacks asymmetries, no statistically significant difference was found (Table 3) in scoring goal when the additional field player was used in equality (χ2(2) = 0.61, p = .43) or inferiority situations (χ2(2) = 0.06, p = .93)
It was shown that the additional player was used more often to maintain the numerical equality of the attack – when in a situation of exclusion – followed by situations of superiority
There is a lower score in these situations of numerical superiority using the additional player
Summary
Game analysis is an important procedure that provides athletes and teams with information, guides training and performance in competitions (Bilge, 2012; Daza et al, 2017) provides data on tactical organization, technical performance and helps to develop teaching methods by improving the quality of coaches interventions and influencing the strategic-tactical performance of the teams (Bilge, 2012; Karastergios et al, 2017; Prieto et al, 2015b).in handball, studies indicate that the effectiveness of group tactical actions is associated with a game played with greater depth of the playing space (Prieto et al, 2015b; Rogulj et al, 2011) and that fast counterattacks and the throw area are predictive factors of success in the attack (Gómez et al, 2014). While there are several game analysis studies that point to predictive performance factors in attack, these results predate the rule changes the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, allow teams to use seven players in the attack without the goalkeeper (International Handball Federation, 2016), in other words, any field player may replace the goalkeeper in attack actions, and it is not necessary to maintain a goalkeeper when the team is attacking In this context, it is known that this change in the rule interferes directly in the strategic-tactical structures of the game (Sevim & Bilge, 2007), allowing new individual and group actions such as the organization of offensive and defensive systems. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the use of the additional field player in offensive situations during the positional attack and counterattack suffered by the teams participating in the 2017 Women’s Handball World Championship. Conclusions: The use of the additional player did not bring advantages to the team, as more counterattacks were suffered
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