Abstract

The current study was designed to investigate the effect of ultrasound on the protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus by enforcing steady numeral of frequencies during a certain interval (20000 pulse/s) (1.8 w/cm2), using exposure time 30,20,15,12,10 and 5s, individually and respectively. Consequently, six albino mice groups were immunized against cystic echinococcosis, which injected with exposed protoscoleces, to acquire specific cell-mediated immunity, called delayed type-hypersensitivity (DTH) which assessment by measurement the foot pad density. The results displayed significant excess (P≤ 0.001) of DTH by increase of foot pad thickness in injected groups. The results showed maximum thickness of 1.54 mm, 1.4mm, 0.9 mm. after 3h, 24h, and 48h post - injection, respectively, that compared with the thickness of control group 1.072, 0.638, 0.328 mm, respectively, during five months of experiment. The present research exhibited the action of ultrasonication technique on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro. Conclusion, Ultrasound frequencies used in the present study could be have consequential impact on the cellular immunity in albino mice.

Highlights

  • Six albino mice groups were immunized against cystic echinococcosis, which injected with exposed protoscoleces, to acquire specific cell-mediated immunity, called delayed type-hypersensitivity (DTH) which assessment by measurement the foot pad density

  • Cystic echinococcosis is chronic and complicated disease in humans and animals, and it leads to many health problems and economic losses in developing countries resulting from the costs of diagnosis, medical treatment and resulting disabilities is some cases in human [1,2]

  • Ultrasound has been used in imaging and revolutionized the treatment of cystic, echinococcosis, and ultrasound is preferred because it is a non-invasive technique and because of the stages of development of the cysts, in detail, as well as its ability to indicate the sites of the, cysts, their number, size and stages of development, to guide the treatment through the skin [12,13]

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Summary

Introduction

Cystic echinococcosis is chronic and complicated disease in humans and animals, and it leads to many health problems and economic losses in developing countries resulting from the costs of diagnosis, medical treatment and resulting disabilities is some cases in human [1,2]. Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis is based on imaging techniques, like ultrasound as a major tool for classification of hydatid cysts [6]. Ultrasound is a physical and therapeutic method as nonionizing radiation in the form of mechanical sound waves to the tissues to raise the temperature. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was used initially to treat cancer like prostate tumors, brain diseases such as Parkinson's disease, treatment of uterine fibroids and prostate tumors [8,9,10]. Ultrasound has been used extensively in medical diagnosis and increasingly for therapeutic purposes as it has been applied in lithotripsy to destroy kidney stones and as a surgical tool to remove tumor tissue and as a tool for drug delivery [11]. Eradication by High intensity focused ultrasound has shown efficacy in uncomplicated

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