Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to assess the influence of vibration effect on microshear bond strength (µSBS) of flowable composite to enamel. Material and Methods: Sixty non-carious extracted human premolar teeth were collected and randomly divided into six groups (n = 10) after being trimmed to produce a smooth flat surface: Flowable composites [Wave (SDI), Wave HV (SDI) and Grandioflow (Voco)] were used as bonding agents without or with vibration using an ultrasonic scaler (Mini Piezon, EMS, Switzerland). Composite resin, with an internal diameter of 0.7mm and height of 1mm, was cured on the substrate. The specimens’ µSBS was tested by a microtensile tester (Bisco, USA) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The bond strength values were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: Vibration did not lead to any significant difference in the µSBS values of Wave, Wave HV, and Grandio Flow µSBS values (P=0.690, P=1.000 and P=0.947, respectively). No significant difference was found between flowable composites in terms of micro shear bond strength to enamel (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The application of ultrasonic vibration might not be advantageous in terms of improving the shear bond strength of flowable composites to enamel. KEYWORDS Bond strength; Enamel; Flowable composite; Ultrasonic; Vibration.
Highlights
Significant improvements have been established in adhesive dentistry, researchers still struggle to improve the strength and durability of dental adhesives
Previous studies showed that flowable composites resins with high filler content-can be used instead of unfilled resins in bonding composite to enamel and porcelain substrates [7,8], higher filler content in the adhesives can increase their viscosity with a consequent decrease in their permeability which, thereby, can lead to diminished bond strength [9,10]
As revealed in the table, there was no significant difference between the μSBS of Wave specimens with or without vibration (p = 0.690)
Summary
Significant improvements have been established in adhesive dentistry, researchers still struggle to improve the strength and durability of dental adhesives. The use of high frequency ultrasonic with vibration and cavitation mechanisms improves the wetting property and chemically activates bonding agents. Some studies reported that the use of ultrasonic influences the thixotropic properties of the cements and results in reduced composite resin viscosity, causing better wetting properties and greater fit to dental structure. Radiation pressure is another consequence of ultrasonic which works as mild continuous pressure in the direction of wave propagation on the surface. This study aimed to assess the influence of vibration effect on microshear bond strength of various flowable composites with varying filler content to enamel. The null hypothesis tested was that there is no difference in microshear bond strength among the flowable materials evaluated
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