Abstract
The reactions of intestinal functional parameters to type 2 diabetes at a young age remain unclear. The study aimed to assess changes in the activity of intestinal enzymes, glucose absorption, transporter content (SGLT1, GLUT2) and intestinal structure in young Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). To induce these conditions in the T2D (n = 4) and IGT (n = 6) rats, we used a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin. Rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (n = 6) or a standard diet (SCD) (n = 6) were used as controls. The results showed that in T2D rats, the ability of the small intestine to absorb glucose was higher in comparison to HFD rats (p < 0.05). This was accompanied by a tendency towards an increase in the number of enterocytes on the villi of the small intestine in the absence of changes in the content of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in the brush border membrane of the enterocytes. T2D rats also showed lower maltase and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in the jejunal mucosa compared to the IGT rats (p < 0.05) and lower AP activity in the colon contents compared to the HFD (p < 0.05) and IGT (p < 0.05) rats. Thus, this study provides insights into the adaptation of the functional and structural parameters of the small intestine in the development of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in young representatives.
Highlights
We investigated changes in the expression of glucose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 in the brush border membrane of jejunal enterocytes, the activities of a number of important intestinal enzymes, as well as the structural parameters of the small intestine at the end of the experimental period (9 weeks after the induction of these states)
We investigated for the first time the ability of the small to intestine possiblerats development growing to absorb glucose under in vivo conditions thatduring are as the close to natural asof possible during the development of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance
Our results showed that 3 weeks after the first administration of streptozotocin, over the 8 weeks, there was a more rapid increase in the glucose absorption capacity of the small intestine in the type 2 diabetes (T2D) group compared to the high-fat diet (HFD) control
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Many countries have seen an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among children and adolescents, accompanied by an increase in obesity in this age group [1,2]. As in adults with T2D, this disease is initially characterized by hyperglycemia arising from insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion [1,2,3,4,5]. Unlike older people, younger people with type 2 diabetes tend to suffer more from insulin deficiency, whereas older people tend to be more insulin resistant [1,6]
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