Effect of two-temperature trapped electrons to nonlinear dust-ion-acoustic solitons

Abstract

Propagation of three-dimensional dust-ion-acoustic solitons is investigated in a dusty plasma consisting of positive ions, negatively variable-charged dust particles, and two-temperature trapped electrons. We use the reductive perturbation theory to reduce the basic set of fluid equations to one evolution equation called damped modified Kadontsev-Petviashivili equation. Exact solution of this equation is not possible, so we obtain the time evolution solitary wave form approximate solution. It is found that only compressive soliton can propagate in this system. We develop a theoretical estimate condition under which the solitons can propagate. It is found that this condition is satisfied for Saturn’s F ring. It is found also that low electron temperature has a role on the behavior of the soliton width, i.e., for lower (higher) range of low electron temperature the soliton width decreases (increases). However, high electron temperature decreases the width. The trapped electrons have no effect on the soliton width. The ratio of free low (high) to trapped low (high) electron temperatures increases the soliton amplitude. Also, the amplitude increases with free low and free high electron temperatures. To investigate the stabilty of the waves, we used a method based on energy consideration to obtain a condition for stable solitons. It is found that this condition depends on dust charge variation, streaming velocity, directional cosine of the wave vector k along the x axis, and temperatures of dust particles, ions, and free electrons.