Effect of two oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol and gestodene or norgestimate on different lipid and lipoprotein parameters

Abstract

The effect of a triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and gestodene (EE/GSD) on various lipid and lipoprotein parameters was compared with that of a monophasic formulation containing 35 μg ethinyl estradiol and 250 μg norgestimate (EE/NGM). Blood samples were collected from 46 women on days 2, 11, and 21 of the preceding control cycle and of the third, sixth, and twelfth treatment cycles. There was no significant difference between formulations with regard to the influence on any measured parameter. As compared with controls, a significant increase was observed in the plasma levels of total triglycerides (24–78%), total phospholipids (7–20%), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides (61–76%), VLDL-phospholipids (14–60%), low density lipoprotein (LDL) triglycerides (8–35%), LDL-phospholipids (28–30%), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (8–16%), HDL 3-cholesterol (11–20%), HDL-triglycerides (17–66%), HDL-phospholipids, HDL 3-phospholipids (7–11%), apolipoprotein (apo) A-I (5–20%) and apo A-II (10–40%) during treatment with both formulations. In contrast, the LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly decreased. These changes in lipid metabolism appear to reflect a predominance of the effect of the estrogen component. The results indicate that both low dose oral contraceptives containing different progestins and different amounts of EE do not exert a deleterious effect on lipoprotein metabolism, as high HDL-cholesterol and low LDL-cholesterol levels are known as low risk factors of cardiovascular disease. In contrast to endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, an EE-induced rise in triglyceride levels does not appear to increase cardiovascular risk if LDL is not increased.