Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus is an endocrinological and/or metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence and incidence. Fetuin-A is a serum protein that represents an important factor in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and in patients with chronic kidney disease. Aim The aim of this work was to study the effect of different exercise varieties on fetuin-A (Fet-A) plasma level in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Material and methods Forty male Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were used. Ten rats were considered as control (group I). Type 2 diabetes was induced in another 30 rats with the use of streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were divided into three groups as follows: group II, sedentary; group III, chronic regular moderate exercise; and group IV, irregular strenuous exercise. Results In group II, diabetes caused a significant increase in fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine plasma levels and microalbuminuria as compared with group I. In group III, moderate regular exercise produced a significant decrease in the same parameters as compared with group II. However, in group IV there were similar but less significant changes. Moreover, in group II there was a significant elevation in Fet-A, Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein plasma levels. However, group III showed a significant reduction in these parameters, whereas in group IV there was a nonsignificant decrease as compared with group II. Moreover, diabetes produced a significant increase in TBARS level with a significant reduction in the antioxidant enzyme activities in kidney tissue as compared with group I. In group III, the exercise regimen produced a significant reduction in the same parameters as compared with group II. However, in group IV, there were similar but nonsignificant changes. Conclusion In type 2 diabetes with nephropathy, regular moderate exercise is more valuable program to reduce Fet-A plasma level and to improve associated renal damage compared with irregular strenuous one.
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