Effect of Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn.) J. J. de Wilde (Meliaceae) extracts on C-reactive proteins levels and acute inflammation

Abstract

Trichilia monadelpha is reported to have acute anti-inflammatory effects. This study sought to establish the possible effects of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic extracts of Trichilia monadelpha stem bark (i.e., PEE, EAE, and EthE, respectively) on C-reactive proteins, using various acute inflammatory models. Changes in hind paw volume of Sprague-Dawley rats were measured before and after intraplantar injection of; 50 μL of 0.5% λ-carrageenan, 0.1 ml of 0.1% histamine, 0.1 ml of 0.02% serotonin, 1 nmol Prostaglandin E2, or 10 nmol bradykinin, to induce paw oedema, and during treatment with 10, 30, or 100 mgkg−1 PEE, EAE, or EthE, or various reference drugs. Changes in rectal temperature, and plasma C-reactive protein levels were also measured after injecting, intraperitoneally, 0.1 mgkg−1 Lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli) to induce pyrexia.PEE, EAE, and EthE reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.01–0.001; maximum inhibition at 100 mgkg−1 (imax) = 55.0–76.7%) paw oedema induced by carrageenan; comparable to diclofenac (P ≤ 0.0001; imax = 93.1%). PEE, EAE and chlorpheniramine prevented significantly (P ≤ 0.0001; imax = 115–144%) or reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.0001; imax = 80–85%) histamine-induced paw oedema. PEE, EAE and ondansetron significantly decreased (curative: P ≤ 0.01–0.001, imax = 51–82%; prophylactic: P ≤ 0.01–0.001, imax = 56–77%) serotonin-induced inflammation. In prostaglandin E2 –induced inflammation PEE and EAE significantly reduced (curative: P ≤ 0.05–0.01, imax = 60–70%; prophylactic: P ≤ 0.0001, imax = 86–332%) oedema; PEE and EAE also significantly decreased (curative: P ≤ 0.050–0001, imax = 46–98%; prophylactic: P ≤ 0.01–0.001 imax = 62–78%) in bradykinin-induced inflammation. PEE, EAE, Diclofenac and Dexamethasone significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05–0.001) plasma C-reactive protein levels. PEE, EthE, EAE and Aspirin significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05–0.001) febrile response.Trichilia monadelpha stem bark extracts had anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties and significantly reduced C-reactive proteins associated with carrageenan-induced inflammation.