Effect of Transport Distance and Season on Some Defects of Fresh Hams Destined for DPO Production.

Agnese Arduini,Leonardo Costa,Vincenzo Pace,Stefania Dall'Olio,Fabio Luzi,Veronica Redaelli

doi:10.3390/ani4030524

Agnese Arduini, Leonardo Costa + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ani4030524

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Abstract

Simple SummaryTransport to the slaughterhouse is a stressful event for pigs. Travel duration and conditions can negatively affect animal welfare and carcass quality. Some defects in fresh hams are strictly connected to pre-slaughter transportation. Journeys with short (<37 km) and long (>170 km) distances may increase damage in fresh hams and decrease Denomination Protected of Origin (DPO) Parma dry-cured ham production.Pre-slaughter handling is related to defects in fresh hams that result in exclusion from the DPO Parma chain, including hematomas, lacerations, microhaemorrhages and veining. To determine the effects of transport conditions on hams, we collected data on defects in 901,990 trimmed fresh hams from heavy pigs provided by 3,650 batches from slaughterhouse during 2012 and 2013. For all batches, transport distance (1–276 km) season and year of delivery were considered. A decrease of all defect occurrences was observed for increasing distance up to 170 km (P < 0.05). Above 170 km, however, all defects frequencies increased (P < 0.05). Season showed an effect on the incidence of defects, with an increasing of hematomas and lacerations in winter and autumn respectively (P < 0.05) and the highest percentage of veining and hemorrhages in spring (P < 0.05). Summer had the lowest incidence of defects on fresh hams. We concluded that the incidence of the examined defects and the subsequent rejection for DPO Parma ham production is lower in fresh hams transported 38–170 km during the summer.

Highlights

Pre-slaughter is known to be a critical period for pigs [1,2], because several factors, i.e., inadequate transport conditions, inappropriate handling [3] and length of the journey [4], can seriously affecting animals welfare both physically and psychologically
The higher incidence of defects associated with short transport distances may be due to the lack of time to lie down and recovery from loading stress
The study has examined the effects of travel distances from 1 to 276 km, showing that both short and long journeys may have adverse effects on fresh ham defects

Summary

Introduction

Pre-slaughter is known to be a critical period for pigs [1,2], because several factors, i.e., inadequate transport conditions, inappropriate handling [3] and length of the journey [4], can seriously affecting animals welfare both physically and psychologically. Increased incidence of blood-splashed and skin damage was found in pigs handled roughly or driven by electric prods during pre-slaughter [5]. These injuries represent a significant economic loss, especially if they are located on the most valuable cuts such as hams, loins and shoulders. Mota-Rojas et al [8] found that the percentage of bruised carcasses increases with journey duration, while Barton Gade and Christensen [9] reported an increased risk of skin damage during short transports (2–3 h), and Gispert et al [10] found higher skin damage scores in short transports (2 h)

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