Abstract
Lepidopterous stem borers cause extensive damage in irrigated rice in Burkina Faso and regularly compromise the harvest of the dry season rice in the rice-growing area of la Vallee du Kou in western Burkina Faso. Yield of losses of 40% were observe during the dry season. The study conducted during the wet season in 2015 examined the effects of areas and of transplanting dates on the evolution of population of stem borer's damage and of parasitism. Rice irrigation area of la Vallee du Kou was divided into three areas within which 12 farmers were selected on the basis of three dates of transplanting rice; they were total 36 for the days three transplanting dates. According to agronomic evaluation, the transplantation dates are influence by the number of tillers and by the number of panicles. The maximum average number of tillers was observed in the second area within the first date of transplantation. Otherwise the second area and the second date recorded the highest number of panicles. Entomological observations were carried on every 7 days from the 21th day to 91th day after rice transplanting in each of the 36 fields. Late transplanting (August) are the most exposed to Orseolia oryzivora attacks. The genus Chilo spp, Maliarpha and Diopsis spp were the most important pests in rice plants on the perimeter of la Vallee du Kou. Periods of greatest damage were observed in tillering. They were responsible for the deadhearts damage, for white panicles and for the highest rates. These damages were recorded during the first date of rice transplanting. Parasitism associated with the genus Chilo was observed in the first transplanting date. The hectare average yields were most important in the second transplanting date of within the third area. These results on the pre-imaginal populations are important data. These data can be taken into account to improve the development of a strategy to fight against the major insect pests of rice plants. All these elements are linked to the climatic variations.
Highlights
Rice is a cereal of a great economy and of a social importance in Burkina Faso [1]
Rice cultivation in Burkina Faso is subject to various constraints -, -- induce the production of 2 to 38% depending on the growing season [4]
Four series of observations on these weeds and the regrowths rice allowed us to follow the evolution of the damage as well as the pre-imaginal populations that they sheltered after the rice harvesting
Summary
Rice is a cereal of a great economy and of a social importance in Burkina Faso [1]. It occupies the fourth rang among grains produced after sorghum, millet and maize [2]. To meet the needs of the population, Burkina Faso imports on average 260 000 tons of rice per year, more than 30 billion F/CFA of West Africa currency exchange outflow [3]. Rice cultivation in Burkina Faso is subject to various constraints -- (abiotic: capricious rainfall and low soil fertility), (socio-economic: low equipment of producers), (biotic: diseases, nematodes, weeds, insect pests) -- induce the production of 2 to 38% depending on the growing season [4]. In Burkina Faso, the main insect pests of rice belong mainly to two orders: Lepidoptera of the family Pyralidae and Noctuidae (the striped borer Chilo zacconius Bleszynski, C. diffusilineus of Joannis, the pink borer Sesamia calamistis Hampson, the white borer Maliarpha separatella Ragonat) and the endophytic Diptera of the Diopsidae family (Diopsis sp) and Cecidomyiidae (Orseolia oryzivora Harris and Gagné) are the main species of economic importance in Burkina Faso [5, 6,7]
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