Abstract
The effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on transcriptional profiles of biofilm-associated genes and the metabolic activity of two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains showing a different degree of adherence to polystyrene, were evaluated. Metabolic activity of S. aureus in biofilm was significantly decreased in the presence of TC at 1/2 minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC). Expression levels of the genes encoding laminin binding protein (eno), elastin binding protein (ebps) and fibrinogen binding protein (fib) in the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC were lower than in untreated biofilm in both the weakly and strongly adhering strain. The highest decrease of expression level was observed in case of fib in the strongly adhering strain, in which the amount of fib transcript was 10-fold lower compared to biofilm without TC. In the presence of TC at 1/2 MBIC after 3, 6, 8 and 12 h, the expression level of icaA and icaD, that are involved in the biosynthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, was above half lower in the weakly adhering strain compared to biofilm without TC. In the strongly adhering strain the highest decrease in expression of these genes was observed after 3 and 6 h. This study showed that TC is a promising anti-biofilm agent for use in MRSA biofilm-related infections.
Highlights
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are responsible for hard-to-treat infections among different patient populations globally, and pose a growing problem for human health
Coexpression of the icaA gene and icaD significantly increases the activity of this enzyme and slime production [13]. Activity of these genes is essential for staphylococcal biofilm formation, looking for alternatives to antibiotics that prevent biofilm formation, we investigated the effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on the transcriptional profiles of these genes, and on metabolic activity during the biofilm formation of two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains showing different degrees of adherence to polystyrene
Biofilm growth of the weakly adhering strain was inhibited at 0.12 mg/mL (MBIC) of TC, and total eradication of the biofilm was observed at 1.92 mg/mL (MBEC)
Summary
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are responsible for hard-to-treat infections among different patient populations globally, and pose a growing problem for human health. The limited treatment options of MRSA infections result in higher mortality and increased financial costs. It was found that in the US, MRSA annually cause 80,000 invasive infections and between 11,000 and 18,000 deaths [2]. Biofilms are currently recognized as one of the most relevant factors of persistent infections, and make a major challenge for clinicians and clinical microbiologists. Biofilms are involved in chronic infections in all tissues of the human body. Multiple layers of bacteria in biofilm, enclosed in a self-produced exopolysaccharide glycocalyx, typically show no sensitivity to antibiotic therapy and host immune response
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