Abstract
Human action upon soil by tillage determines important morphological, physical-chemical and biological changes, with different intensities and evaluative directions. Nowadays, it is internationally accepted the fact that global climatic changes are the results of human intervention in the bio-geo-chemical water and material cycle, and the sequestration of carbon in soil is considered an important intervention to limit these changes. Carbon sequestration in soil is net advantageous, improving the productivity and sustainability. The more the organic content in soil is higher the better soil aggregation is. The soil without organic content is compact. This reduces its capacity to infiltrate water, nutrients solubility and productivity, and that way it reduces the soil capacity for carbon sequestration. Organic matter is an extremely important constituent of soils and is vital to many of the hydrological, biological and chemical reactions required for sustaining plant life. We present the influence of conventional plough tillage system on soil, water and organic matter conservation in comparison with an alternative minimum tillage system (paraplow, chisel plow and rotary harrow). The application of minimum tillage systems increased the organic matter content 0.8% to 22.1% and water stabile aggregate content from 1.3% to 13.6%, in the 0 - 30 cm depth, as compared to the classical system. For the organic matter content and the wet aggregate stability, the statistical analysis of the data showed, increasing positive significance of minimum systems. While the soil fertility and the wet aggregate stability were initially low, the effect of conservation practices on the soil features resulted in a positive impact on the water permeability of the soil. Availability of soil moisture during the crop growth resulted in better plant water status. Subsequent release of conserved soil water regulated proper plant water status, soil structure, and lowered soil pene-trometer resistance.
Highlights
Soil Tillage Conservation (STC) are considered major components of agricultural technology for soil conservation strategies and part of Sustainable Agriculture (SA)
The results clearly demonstrate that minimum tillage systems promote increased humus content (0.8% 22.1%) (Table 2) and increased water stabile aggregate content (1.3% - 13.6%) at the 0 - 30 cm depth compared to conventional tillage (Table 3)
This study demonstrated that increased soil organic matter content, aggregation, and permeability are all promoted by minimum tillage systems
Summary
Soil Tillage Conservation (STC) are considered major components of agricultural technology for soil conservation strategies and part of Sustainable Agriculture (SA). Plant debris left on the soil surface or superficial incorporated contributes to increased biological activity and is an important source of CO2. A large amount of CO2 produced in the soil and released into the atmosphere, resulting from aerobic processes of mineralization of organic matter (excessive lossening) is considered a way of increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, and a loss of longterm of soil fertility. This indicates an accelerated mineralization of soil organic matter and degradation of soil pedogenetical process. Derpsch and Moriya, 1998 [1] calculated a quantity of Openly accessible at http://www.scirp.org/journal/as/
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