Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with Tilia tomentosa on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, haematological indices and nonspecific immune indices of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish with an average weight of 4.35 ± 0.16 g were fed a diet supplemented with an aqueous methanolic extract of T. tomentosa at a dose of 0% (control), 0.01%, 0.05% or 0.1% over 45 days. By the end of the study, the final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were observed to be significantly higher for the 00.1% and 0.1% groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased in the 0.05% and 0.1% groups compared with the control (P < 0.05). The activities of various digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase and trypsin) were also measured and no significant differences were observed compared to the control (P > 0.05). The mean cell volume of the 0.01% group was significantly increased compared to the control (P < 0.05) and increased lysozyme activity was observed in the 0.05% and 0.1% groups. Respiratory burst activity was significantly increased (P < 0.05) on days 15 and 30 for the 0.1% and 0.05% groups, respectively. No differences were observed for myeloperoxidase activity among the four groups. These results suggest that aqueous methanolic extract of T. tomentosa has a growth-promoting and immunostimulatory effect on common carp.
Highlights
It considered as the most growing food produce industry with an average growth rate more than 7.7% per year through the last decades, the majority of aquaculture production are come from Asia (Gjedrem et al, 2012)
The present study was carried out to determine whether the T. tomentosa extract influences the digestive enzyme activity, growth, haematological parameters, or activity of the nonspecific immune response of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
T. tomentosa was shown to promote the growth of common carp based on observations of increased WG, SGR and efficiency of feed conversion
Summary
It considered as the most growing food produce industry with an average growth rate more than 7.7% per year through the last decades, the majority of aquaculture production are come from Asia (Gjedrem et al, 2012). During last decades there has been a continuous growth of aquaculture industries all over the world and such intensive production would experience disease problems. Enhancing the immune system of cultured fish appears to be the most promising method for preventing disease. Herbal medicines have been used in aquaculture to promote growth, improve the immune system, and stimulate the appetite and fight against microbes and other stressors, due to the presence of various active compounds like flavanoids, alkaloids, phenolics, pigments, steroids, terpenoids and essential oils (Citarasu, 2010). The present study was carried out to determine whether the T. tomentosa extract influences the digestive enzyme activity, growth, haematological parameters, or activity of the nonspecific immune response of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
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