Abstract
Aims: This study aimes to prepare a new formula by thymol crystals incorporation into locally prepared zinc oxide-guaiacol root canal sealer and evaluating the antibacterial activity and comparing the results with zinc oxide eugenol-based root canal sealer. Materials and Methods: The addition of thymol crystals at three different concentrations (2%, 5%, and 10%) to improve the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide-guaiacol endodontic sealer was done: 40 Petri plates of Enterococcus agar media were used, each plate with five wells. Petri plates divided into four groups incubation intervals (1, 2, 3, and 7 days) for each type, using agar diffusion test (ADT) with 0.5 McFarland turbidity standards and statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, a one-way ANOVA test, and Duncanʼs Multiple Range Test. Results: The thymol incorporated zinc oxide-guaiacol sealer groups at studied concentrations (2%, 5%, and 10% ) produced bacterial growth inhibition zones persisted at all incubation time intervals at (1, 2, 3, and 7 days) and high significantly at p≤0.01 than that of zinc oxide eugenol based sealer. There is a significant reduction at p≤0.01 in antibacterial efficacy in all incorporation groups at 7 days incubation period, 5% thymol incorporation group with significant largest bacterial growth inhibition zones for all incubation periods. Conclusions: This study concluded that the prepared zinc oxide - guaiacol sealer formulas with three studied thymol crystals concentrations having better antibacterial efficacy than that of zinc oxide eugenol root canal sealer, 5% thymol incorporation formula is the best in antibacterial activity than others.
Highlights
The main aim of chemomechanical endodontic management is the elimination or severe reduction of microbe's existent in the root canal system [1]
Many studies have considered the agar diffusion test (ADT) is one of the most frequently used methods to estimate the antimicrobial activity of dental materials [3]
The thymol crystals (BDH, England) were grinded with an electrical grinder (Geepas, China), as well as all other elements of the original zinc oxide –guaiacol root canal sealer each one separately and to standardize particle size; the materials were sieved by using a sieve represented by double layers of muslin tissue [11], incorporated in zinc oxide- guaiacol endodontic sealer in three formulas (Table 1)
Summary
The main aim of chemomechanical endodontic management is the elimination or severe reduction of microbe's existent in the root canal system [1]. Zinc oxide-guaiacol endodontic sealer has setting time, film thickness, solubility, and flowability fulfilled the requirement of ANSI/ADA specification No 57/2008 for dental root canal sealing materials. It has enhanced apical seal and biocompatibility related to that of ZOE, Its antibacterial activity against E. faecalis continued overall incubation times periods (1day, 2days, 3days, and 7days) but lower to that of ZOE based sealer. The antimicrobial action of zinc oxide-guaiacol endodontic sealer is produced through the main components of the material without introducing the definite antibacterial agent [4]. The locally prepared root canal sealer powder/liquid formula depends on the main reaction of zinc oxide and guaiacol as a base /acid interaction with adding the other ingredients to improve materials properties: Zinc oxide 62%, natural rosin 20%, locally made egg-shell hydroxyapatite 2%, bismuth sub-carbonate 15%, zinc acetate 1%, guaiacol 85%, and olive oil 15% [5]
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