Abstract
Due to the tremendous development of the number and types of vehicles and a large number of traffic congestions, the phenomenon of the spread of three-wheeled vehicles, which is characterized by ease of movement, has recently appeared in Iraq because of a small space it occupies for its movement. The increase in their numbers exceeds the number of heavy vehicles in most urban areas in Iraq. Therefore, the current study has been devoted to studying the effect of those vehicles with three tires using a simulation program that has been previously developed and has been calibrated to suit the normal sections where the characteristics of these vehicles were included in terms of speed and length. Different ratios were used, ranging from (0-15) % for the first lane only. Some general traffic characteristics were examined, such as velocity-flow and flow-density and density-velocity relationship. The results showed that the presence of this type of vehicle has a significant impact on reducing road efficiency and increasing traffic congestion. The study recommends that a particular lane with a width of 2m on both directions of the roads be designated for the movement of these vehicles and keep them away from interference in the traffic flow of other cars.
Highlights
The knowledge of traffic flow characteristics is an essential input required to plan, analyze, and operate roadway systems [2]
Fig. 3and 4 show the screenshot from the developed simulation model for the two-lane section with 0% three-wheeled vehicles when the section has passenger cars and heavy vehicles only
At 0% of three-wheeled vehicles, the occupancy arrived in 27.2% when traffic flow exceeds 2000(veh/h) that is good but, While the other percentages keep increasing the occupancy with the increase in the percentages threewheeled vehicles, and this leads to more congestion
Summary
The knowledge of traffic flow characteristics is an essential input required to plan, analyze, and operate roadway systems [2]. Due to complicated vehicular interactions and maneuvers, it is complex to model the traffic flow off to analytical methods. Roads contain types of vehicles, not just passenger cars, like motorcycles, trucks, buses, etc. This versatility leads vehicles not to follow a strict regime of the lane and to occupy any available space on the road. Interactions between vehicles and the resulting maneuvers are more complex in mixed traffic conditions; driving behavior models that describe these interactions are at the core of microscopic traffic simulation systems. Because of the jams and complex traffic conditions and the emergence of increased entry of three-wheeled vehicles significantly on the roads, whose impact on traffic must be studied, it is necessary to know its impact and formulate solutions for the problems emerging. There are numerous other advantages: production costs are lower because there is another small wheel for production, saving on maintenance
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