Effect of three feeding levels on the pathogenesis and establishment of Haemonchus contortus in parasite-naïve Pelibuey hair sheep lambs during their first infection

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of three feeding levels on the pathogenesis and establishment of H. contortus upon the first infection of parasite-naïve Pelibuey hair sheep lambs. Forty-two 6-month-old hair sheep lambs (24 ± 4 kg) raised parasite free from birth were used. The lambs were assigned to 3 groups (n = 14), and each was fed a diet designed for different daily weight gain (DWG): 75 g/d (Diet 1), 125 g/d (Diet 2) and 200 g/d (Diet 3). After four weeks of diet adaptation, 10 lambs/group were infected with 450 L3H. contortus/kg BW (infected), and 4 lambs/group were kept parasite-free (NInf). DWG, hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), peripheral eosinophils (EOS), IgG concentration against H. contortus, and eggs per gram (EPG) of feces were measured in each lamb from day 14 before infection until day 29 postinfection (PI). On day 29 PI, the lambs were slaughtered to determine the total number of adult parasites (TAW), the length of the female worms, and the number of eggs in utero (EIU). Each group reached the expected DWG (P = 0.001), and there was no effect of infection or the diet × infection interaction. Ht was lower in infected lambs than in NInf lambs, and this difference was significant for animals on Diets 1 and 2 (P = 0.044). From day 14 PI onward, Hb was lower in the infected lambs than in the NInf lambs (P = 0.001). Furthermore, compared with NInf lambs, the infected lambs had higher EOS from day 7 PI and higher IgG from day 14 PI. Neither EOS nor IgG were affected by diet. Lambs on Diet 3 had lower EPG during patency than those fed Diets 1 or 2 (days 25 and 28 PI; P = 0.002). Furthermore, lambs fed Diet 3 had lower TAW (Diet 1 vs 3 P = 0.037; Diet 2 vs 3 P = 0.049) and EIU (P = 0.004) than lambs fed Diet 1 or 2. Lambs were resilient to infection regardless of diet. Although EOS and IgG were higher in all infected animals than in Ninf animals, EPG, TAW and EIU decreased only in lambs fed Diet 3. Thus, a diet targeting a DWG of 200 g/d can significantly limit the establishment of H. contortus in Pelibuey lambs infected for the first time.