Abstract
<h3>Objectives</h3> This study investigated the effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine, 10% povidone-iodine, and 50% erythromycin on oral mucositis (OM) induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in rats. <h3>Study Design</h3> Seventy-seven Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control, 5-FU, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, and erythromycin. OM was induced with 2 intraperitoneal injections of 5-FU. On the fourth day, an ulcer of 5 mm was made on the ventral tongue of animals. The animals received topical application of substances for 5 days (twice a day). On the 10th day, the animals were euthanized. <h3>Results</h3> The erythromycin group displayed the lowest severity and incidence of OM. Povidone-iodine showed the highest inflammation scores. In the histomorphometric analysis, the area of newly formed epithelium in the control was significantly greater. Among the animals that received 5-FU treatment, the erythromycin group showed the highest values for newly formed epithelial area and lowest expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines analyzed. In the antioxidant analysis, there was no significant difference between groups. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Topical erythromycin exhibited positive effects on the clinical and histopathologic status of OM induced by 5-FU in rats.
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