Abstract
Lubricating greases are considered to be cold'resistant if they will remain operable in vehicles and mechanisms at temperatures below -40~ [i]. According to information reported in the literature and in patents [2-8], almost all types of thickening agents may be used in producing low-temperature greases; the thickening agents may be lithium, calcium, or sodium soaps, including complex soaps, as well as microcrystalline wax and various other organic and inorganic materials. However, the information available on the effect of thickening agent type on the low-temperature properties of the greases is inadequate and contradictory. The main problem here is the difference in rating indices used by various investigators in rating cold resistance, so that their data cannot be compared [2, 9, 13]. Moreover, it is not at all uncommon to find comparisons of greases that have been prepared with different soaps and hence differ greatly in yield stress or in consistency (penetration).
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