Abstract
Objective: The less aggressive demineralization of enamel by self-etching systems results in greater staining, marginal leakage, and failure in their restorations, so this study aimed to assess the silver nitrate infiltration and tag formation of the enamel/adhesive interface. Material and Methods: Two hundred enamel fragments were randomly assigned into 10 groups according to the adhesive system (Single Bond Adper Plus-(SB), Clearfil Tri-S Bond-(CF), or Scotchbond Universal-(SBU)) and enamel surface (ground-(ge), unground-(ue), phosphoric acid etching-(pha), or none) (n=10): (SB-ue), (SB-ge), (CF-ue), (CF-ge), (CF-ue/pha), (CF-ge/pha), (SBU-ue), (SBU-ge), (SBU-ue/pha), and (SBU-ge/pha). Half of the restored samples were submitted to thermocycling. Four slices of 1.0mm/sample were obtained to evaluate tag formation and silver nitrate infiltration. All of the specimens were examined with Polarized Light Microscopy, and the percentage of infiltration was quantified. Results: No interactions were found among the three factors. The adhesive and aging exhibited an interaction. Significant differences were found only after thermocycling: the SB and SBU-etched groups had decreased infiltration compared with the other groups. The tag length after etching was higher for ge compared with ue, regardless of the adhesive system. Conclusion: The self-etching techniques resulted in significantly less tag formation compared with the conventional technique.KeywordsAdhesives; Aging; Dental enamel; Microscopy, polarization; Silver nitrate.
Highlights
A constant challenge in adhesive dentistry is obtaining a lasting restorative interface with enamel and dentin and the materials that can be implemented in the clinic
In addition to the instability of their components, these adhesive systems (ASs) contained a large concentration of water, which affected the complete polymerization of the adhesive. [1,2,6] With the recent development of an improved generation of adhesives, a new one-bottle self-etching AS that consists of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP), which is a bifunctional monomer, and the copolymer Vitrebond exhibits more stable and durable chemical adhesion with both enamel and dentin
The data were analyzed with a threeway analysis of variance, which showed no interactions (p > 0.0001) among the 3 factors tested
Summary
A constant challenge in adhesive dentistry is obtaining a lasting restorative interface with enamel and dentin and the materials that can be implemented in the clinic. Of all of the types of simplified adhesive systems (ASs), self-etching ASs eliminate the etching step by containing in its formulation an acid monomer that allows the simultaneous demineralization and infiltration of monomers on the tooth surface [1,2,3] for effective penetration of the adhesive and a reduction in the formation of the gaps that are common with the conventional technique. [7] This new adhesive, which has been classified as multimode by researchers, is available commercially and has been used by professionals in addition to the three older adhesive techniques, including conventional, self-etching, and selective enamel etching. Silver nitrate has been used to detect infiltration around composite restorations. [4] The low molecular weight of silver is similar to that of water, and this allows the diffusion of the tracer within the adhesive layer. [4] it has been used to detect flaws within the bond interface. [4]
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