Abstract
The goal of this work is to investigate the impact of thermal modification of birch wood with saturated steam on the particle size distribution of the sawing and milling process. Birch wood (Betula pendula Roth) is an excellent source to produce plywood boards. Wastes from mechanical processing of birch wood are suitable to produce composite materials. Granulometric analyses of chips from sawing processes on the PRW 15M frame saw, as well as on the 5-axis CNC machining centre SCM TECH Z5 and the 5-axis CNC machining centre AX320 Pinnacle, proved that more than 95% of chips are chips of coarse and medium coarse chip fractions with dimensions above 0.125 mm. Depending on the shape, coarse and medium-thick chips belong to the group of fiber chips, the length of which is several times greater than the width and thickness. Fine fractions with dimensions smaller than 125 μm are isometric chips that are approximately the same size in all three dimensions. Thoracic dust fractions below 30 μm were not measured. The performed analyses showed that the heat treatment of birch wood with saturated steam did not affect the grain size of chips formed in sawing and milling processes on CNC machining centre and can be used as a raw material for the production of composite materials. Fabric filters are suitable for separating chips extracted from frame saws, PRW-15M or machining centre. Environmental criteria for the separation of chips from transport air in textile filters are met by filters with a fabric classified in class G4.
Highlights
Thermal treatment of wood with saturated water vapor, in addition to the targeted physico-mechanical changes of wood, is often used in the production of veneer and plywood, bent furniture, or pressed wood
The colour changes of the darkening of thermally treated wood were used to eliminate undesirable colour differences between light beige and dark kernel, or to remove unwanted colour spots caused by evaporation, browning or molding, in recent times the research focuses on targeted changes in wood colour to more
The influence of the hydro-thermal modification process on wood machinability was investigated by Sandak et al [13] with four minor species such as black poplar (Populus nigra L.), deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara Roxb.), black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) and alder (Alnus cordata Loisel) the sharpness of the tool has a lower importance for the final surface smoothness
Summary
Thermal treatment of wood with saturated water vapor, in addition to the targeted physico-mechanical changes of wood, is often used in the production of veneer and plywood, bent furniture, or pressed wood. The mentioned treatment is frequently accompanied by chemical reactions causes the colour changing of wood [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. The colour changes of the darkening of thermally treated wood were used to eliminate undesirable colour differences between light beige and dark kernel, or to remove unwanted colour spots caused by evaporation, browning or molding, in recent times the research focuses on targeted changes in wood colour to more. Sci. 2020, 10, 7545 or less pronounced colour shades, namely wood imitations of domestic trees as exotic trees [8,9,10,11,12]. The influence of the hydro-thermal modification process on wood machinability was investigated by Sandak et al [13] with four minor species such as black poplar (Populus nigra L.), deodar cedar (Cedrus deodara Roxb.), black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) and alder (Alnus cordata Loisel) the sharpness of the tool has a lower importance for the final surface smoothness
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