Abstract
Planting spacing influences wood production. However, for tropical species we have scarce information about the effect of spacing on production and wood quality. In general, wood from native species produced in reforestation does not have the same quality compared to that from natural forests. Then, wood thermal modification can help improve the potential for using wood. In this context, our goal was to evaluate the influence of thermal modification on properties of 38-year-old Cariniana legalis wood cultivated at different spacing (3 x 1.5m, 3 x 2m and 3 x 2.5m) at the Luiz Antônio Experimental Station, Luiz Antônio City, São Paulo. We felled 15 trees, five of each spacing, and from each tree, a log, 1 meter in length, a central plank was cut, and from these planks, we cut specimens for anatomical and wood properties investigations according to standard techniques. In the specimens, a thermal modification at a temperature of 200ºC was carried out for one hour and after the specimens were compared with the control specimens. According to the results presented, we found that spacing did not influence vessel diameter, apparent density and volumetric shrinkage significantly. Thermal modification reduced apparent density and volumetric shrinkage. The reduction in vessel diameter can be estimated as a function of the wood thermal modification.
Highlights
Wood thermal modification is a process that uses high levels of heat and temperature, aiming to reduce the presence of water in the wood so that it has greater dimensional stability and hinders deterioration by wood-reducing agents and environmental damage
Our goal was to evaluate the influence of thermal modification on properties of 38-year-old Cariniana legalis wood cultivated at different spacing (3 x 1.5m, 3 x 2m and 3 x 2.5m) at the Luiz Antônio Experimental Station, Luiz Antônio City, São Paulo
According to the results presented, we found that spacing did not influence vessel diameter, apparent density and volumetric shrinkage significantly
Summary
Wood thermal modification is a process that uses high levels of heat and temperature, aiming to reduce the presence of water in the wood so that it has greater dimensional stability and hinders deterioration by wood-reducing agents and environmental damage. Cariniana legalis is a native species found in the Atlantic Forest, including the north-eastern (Bahia, Paraíba and Pernambuco), south-eastern (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) and southern (Paraná) parts of Brazil (Smith et al, 2015). It is one of the biggest tree species of the Brazilian flora, reaching 30-50 m in height and 70-100 cm in diameter and can potentially produce up to 21 m3. Year−1 stem wood (Carvalho, 2003) It is, one of the most promising native tree species for use in forest plantations, in monocultures or mixed with other species, and for restoration of degraded areas (Carvalho, 1994)
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