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Abstract
The effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the cardiovascular system is not fully established. Since the endothelium is an important endocrine element, establishing the mechanisms of LLLT action is an important issue.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of transdermal LLLT on endothelial function.In this study, healthy volunteers (n = 40, age = 20–40 years) were enrolled. N = 30 (14 female, 16 male, mean age 30 ± 5 years) constituted the laser-irradiated group (LG). The remaining 10 subjects (6 women, 4 men, mean age 28 ± 5 years) constituted the control group (CG). Participants were subjected to LLLT once a day for three consecutive days. Blood for biochemical assessments was drawn before the first irradiation and 24 h after the last session. In the LG, transdermal illumination of radial artery was conducted (a semiconductor laser λ = 808 nm, irradiation 50 mW, energy density 1.6 W/cm2 and a dose 20 J/day, a total dose of 60 J). Biochemical parameters (reflecting angiogenesis: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), angiostatin; antioxidative status: glutathione (GSH) and the nitric oxide metabolic pathway: symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and l-arginine) were assessed. In the LG, a significant increase in GSH levels and considerable decrease in angiostatin concentration following the LLLT were observed. No significant differences in levels of the VEGF, FGF, SDMA, ADMA were observed.LLLT modifies vascular endothelial function by increasing its antioxidant and angiogenic potential. We found no significant differences in levels of the nitric oxide pathway metabolites within 24 h following the LLLT irradiation.
Highlights
The effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on blood vessels and streaming blood is not fully established
We found no significant differences in levels of the nitric oxide pathway metabolites within 24 h following the LLLT irradiation
Endothelial dysfunction is a well-established factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and, nowadays, is considered to be the first pathogenic link leading to its development [1]
Summary
The effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on blood vessels and streaming blood is not fully established. Endothelial dysfunction is a well-established factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and, nowadays, is considered to be the first pathogenic link leading to its development [1]. An antioxidative imbalance resulting from increased oxidative stress induces abnormal regulation of the haemostatic processes, promotes vasoconstriction by releasing the cytokines activating vascular smooth muscles, induces inflammatory reaction and changes vascular proliferative potential [2]. Increased oxidative stress results in scavenging nitric oxide, a potent vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory compound, leading to formation of peroxynitrites, which in turn promote S-nitration and nitrosylation of amino acid residues leading to changes in protein function and stability. Increased proteolysis is a source of methylated amino acids, i.e. asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), which is a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and is considered to be an independent cardiovascular risk factor.
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