Effect of the threat of a disulfiram–ethanol reaction on cue reactivity in alcoholics

Abstract

Rationale Little is known about the effect of disulfiram on subjective and autonomic nervous system cue reactivity in the laboratory. The dissuasive psychological effect manifested as a threat would seem to prevail over the pharmacological effect. Objectives The primary objective was to determine whether there was a difference in cue reactivity responses during a threat condition compared to a neutral condition during alcohol cue exposure. Methods In a crossover randomized study, participants received threat and neutral messages during two cue exposure sessions. The threat condition consisted of leading the patients to believe they had ingested 500 mg of disulfiram and the neutral condition of informing them that they had ingested a placebo, while in both condition they received the same placebo. Results Physiological cue reactivity was demonstrated by a decrease in diastolic blood pressure during the threat compared to the neutral condition ( p = 0.04). Heart rate and subjective cue reactivity measures remained unchanged. There was a negative affect (assessed by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale) by condition by exposure interaction. Conclusions The threat of a disulfiram–ethanol reaction appears to affect cue reactivity physiologically rather than subjectively. While the data does not show changes in subjective ratings, it is possible that there are alternative beneficial effects arising from other cognitive processes that are not captivated by self-reported craving scales, reflected by decreases in negative affect and blood pressure. From this perspective, disulfiram might be recast to be more acceptable to patients.