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Abstract
Air sparging is widely used to minimize membrane fouling within submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) applied to wastewater treatment. This paper discusses its effectiveness in hollow-fibre membrane modules and its relationship with permeate flux, backwashing frequency and duration and main biomass characteristics. The effect of air sparging is expressed as shear intensity G which enables to describe the influence of several hydrodynamic parameters (viscosity, air sparging area and air flow-rate) on membrane fouling. The experimental study was carried out with sludge at four different biomass concentrations (MLSS = 4100–14,500 mg l −1) filtered under a broad range of hydrodynamic conditions ( J = 20–63 l h −1 m −2; G = 0–375 s − n ). Under constant filtration conditions, the slope of TMP against time, the fouling rate, is described by an exponential function of G: r f = ( r f ) 0 exp − ( F G G ) + ( r f ) l , where shear intensity sensitivity factor ( F G) enables quantification of effectiveness of air sparging and limit fouling rate ( r f) l describes the fouling caused by adsorption of micro-colloidal and soluble fractions over the external membrane surface. Also, it has been found that this sensitivity factor is a decreasing function of the imposed permeate flux and the biomass concentration.
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