Abstract
Simple SummaryArtificial insemination of goats is mostly performed with sperm that has been chilled to 4 °C and stored for up to 12 h. Because the chilling of samples to 4 °C must be done slowly, artificial inseminations have to be performed late in the day, especially in herds located far from artificial insemination centers, which impedes the extensive use of this reproductive technology in goats. In this study, we explored the possibility of chilling sperm doses at a controlled rate (close to −0.18 °C/min) during transportation and compared the quality and fertility of these samples with those chilled in the lab. We observed that the in vitro quality of doses chilled by the prototype procedure developed for transportation was higher than that of samples chilled in the lab, and the fertility of the sperm was similar. Therefore, it is possible to chill doses during transportation without affecting their quality or fertility.Cooling goat sperm insemination doses to 4 °C causes a delay in their delivery. However, chilling these doses during the transportation period could expedite their delivery and the insemination process. In this study, an economical and simple apparatus for chilling goat semen doses in itinere was developed, and the in vitro quality and in vivo fertility of these doses were compared with those chilled by means of a programmable water bath in the laboratory at a rate of −0.18 °C/min. Of the tested prototypes, the one that provided an optimal combination of the chilling rate (average of −0.09 °C/min) and time required to reach 4 °C (3 h 45 min) was selected for further testing. Immediately after chilling and 24 h later, the doses chilled in the prototype were determined to be of higher quality than the samples chilled in the programmable water bath. Finally, the kidding rate was similar between the doses chilled in the programmable water bath (61.7% ± 7.1%) and in the prototype (56.1% ± 5.9%). In conclusion, successful chilling of goat sperm doses during transport is possible, thereby accelerating the delivery of insemination doses.
Highlights
Artificial insemination (AI) plays an important role in goat breeding programs by facilitating evaluation of the genetic potential of goat bucks in different herds as well as diffusion of the best genetics between herds, reducing sanitary risks [1]
An economical and simple prototype was developed in the first experiment, and a prevailing cooling rate of ≤0.2 ◦ C/min was obtained in all variants, which is very close to the cooling rate achieved with the programmable water bath (−0.18 ◦ C/min)
Sperm doses chilled in the prototype adapted to the portable compressor coolers were of higher quality than those cooled in the programmable water bath, as demonstrated by the percentages of total motile and plasma membrane intact sperm observed at 0 and 24 h
Summary
Artificial insemination (AI) plays an important role in goat breeding programs by facilitating evaluation of the genetic potential of goat bucks in different herds as well as diffusion of the best genetics between herds, reducing sanitary risks [1]. 85% of AIs are performed with sperm at this temperature [4], because its fertility (54–65% [5,6]) is higher than that obtained with frozen semen (35–38% [4]) and similar to that resulting from natural mating in estrous-synchronized goats (74% [7]). Chilling must be performed slowly (generally between 1.5 and 4 h [9]) from room temperature to 4 ◦ C to avoid cold shock. These protocols delay both the shipment of the AI doses and, the inseminations
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