Effect of the Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) on Dental Implants Stability: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Bhukya P Nayak,Oleg Dolkart,Anam Chandrasekar,Ulisses Dayube,Ophir Fromovich,Yeramala P Kumar,Jamil A Shibli,Shlomo Barak,Parth Satwalekar,Elad Yakobson

doi:10.3390/ma13071667

Abstract

A pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been shown to contribute to heightening bone regeneration in a range of clinical areas, including dentistry. Due to the scarcity of studies using PEMF in oral implantology, the present experiment scrutinized the effect of PEMF can lead to improving the stability of the implant. A total of 19 subjects (40 implants in total) were selected to participate in the current study and were randomly allocated to either the PEMF group or control group. Subjects in the PEMF group received an activated miniaturized electromagnetic device (MED) while the control group received a sham healing cup. Implants stability was assessed by resonance frequency analyses (RFA) via implant stability quotient (ISQ) calculations. RFA were recorded as following: immediately after procedure, and then 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks later. Radiographic analysis was performed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks after implant placement. Proinflammatory cytokines were evaluated in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF). The PEMF group presented higher ISQ mean values when compared to the control group. The primary stability time frame (the first 2 weeks) MED group depicted an increase in stability of 6.8%, compared to a decrease of 7.6% in the control group related to the baseline. An overall stability increase of 13% was found in MED treated group (p = 0.02), in contrast, the overall stability in the control group decreased by 2% (p = 0.008). TNF-α concentration during first 4 weeks was lower in the MED treated group. The data strongly suggests that MED generated continuing a PEMF may be considered as a new way to stimulate the stability of the implants at the early healing period.

Highlights

Dental implants have become a popular solution as a prosthetic treatment and have high success rates [1]
There is evidence that both tissue quantity and quality at the interface are crucial to implant primary stability and the success and comfort of immediately loaded implants [5]
This study showed the positive impact of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) around dental implants placed human jaws, suggesting that the use of miniaturized electromagnetic device (MED) devices could be a useful procedure for improvement of clinical stability, at least in the initial stages of healing

Summary

Introduction

Dental implants have become a popular solution as a prosthetic treatment and have high success rates [1]. The time for functional loading once the implant is osseointegrated still remains long for the vast majority of implants. Materials 2020, 13, 1667 much earlier than in classical approaches [2]. This is important since the waiting period is considered to be uncomfortable by the vast majority of patients and can adversely influence their quality of life [3,4]. One of the key factors affecting the final osseointegration is primary implant stability. There is evidence that both tissue quantity and quality at the interface are crucial to implant primary stability and the success and comfort of immediately loaded implants [5]. There is clearly an unmet need for additional treatment modalities to overcome problems of poor bone quality by fostering osteogenesis, which in turn can reduce the loading time

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion