Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of dried fruits and juices from chokeberry as potential sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on human health. Dry powders and juices from chokeberry were analyzed for the contents of sugars with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD method), and the antioxidant capacity was analyzed by the FRAP (ferric-reducing ability of plasma) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) tests. Polyphenols were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a tandem mass spectrometer and a photodiode-array detector (LC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS), and their quantitative analysis was carried out by UPLC-MS/MS (using a Q/TOF detector and a PDA detector). A total of 27 polyphenolic compounds was identified in chokeberry products, including 7 anthocyanins, 11 flavonols, 5 phenolic acids, 3 flavan-3-ols and 1 flavanone. Three anthocyanin derivatives were reported for the first time from chokeberry fruit. A higher activity of the bioactive compounds was determined in dried fruit pomace and in juice obtained from crushed fruits than in those from the whole fruits. In addition, the pomace was found to be a better material for the production of dry powders, compared to chokeberry fruits.
Highlights
Black chokeberry has gained interest as one of the richest sources of bioactive compounds, displaying a high biological and nutritive value [1,2,3]
The content of dry matter and sugars in JUF was 16.87% and 87.31 g/100 g dm, respectively, and was higher compared to juice was pressed from crushed (JCF), i.e., 15.46% and 85.24 g/100 g dm, respectively
The content of total sugars in the powders made of whole dried fruits (PDF) was 46.15 g/100 g dm, which was 1.6- and 1.8-times higher compared to the PPUF and PPCF
Summary
Black chokeberry has gained interest as one of the richest sources of bioactive compounds, displaying a high biological and nutritive value [1,2,3]. It is a good source of vitamins, β-carotene, dietary fiber, minerals, sugars and organic acids [4]. Chokeberry is especially rich in anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. High contents of these compounds are hardly ever found in other fruits [8,9]. An exception is red grapes, the skin of which is rich in anthocyanins and seeds in proanthocyanidins [10]
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