Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of the polishing procedure and surface sealant application on the fluoride release of restorative materials. Material and Methods: The groups were consisted of using five different restorative materials were employed: Beautifil II, GCP Glass Fill, Amalgomer CR, Zirconomer and Fuji IX GP. 30 disk-shaped specimens (8x2 mm) were prepared from each material. Each group was subdivided into three groups considering finishing procedures: Mylar strip, polishing with Super-Snap discs, G-Coat Plus application after polishing with Super-Snap discs. The amount of fluoride released into distilled water was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode and ion analyzer after 24 hours, followed by measurement on days 3, 7, 15, 21, and 28. Surface analysis of the materials was performed with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). The data were statistically analyzed using two-way repeated measure ANOVA and LSD test (p=0.05). Results: The highest amount of fluoride released was measured after the first 24 h for all materials. Beautifil II released less fluoride than other materials in all measurement periods (p<0.05). After polishing, the amount of fluoride released from all materials except Beautifil II increased (p<0.05). The application of G-Coat Plus did not impact the amount of fluoride release of any materials (p>0.05). EDS analysis showed the most percentage of oxygen in all materials. Conclusion: The polishing procedure might induce an increase in fluoride release of glass ionomer-based materials, and the application of G-Coat Plus cannot affect the amount of fluoride release. Keywords Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy; Fluoride; Glass ionomer cement.
Highlights
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) have widely been used for a long time in dentistry due to their beneficial properties, including biological compatibility, chemical adhesion, and especially fluoride-releasing which contribute to caries preventive character [1,2]
After 24 h, the lowest amount of fluoride released was found in Beautifil II (p
The amounts of fluoride released of all materials except Beautifil II increased after polishing (p
Summary
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) have widely been used for a long time in dentistry due to their beneficial properties, including biological compatibility, chemical adhesion, and especially fluoride-releasing which contribute to caries preventive character [1,2]. Previous studies have stated that the use of fluoride-releasing restorative materials decreased the incidence of recurrent caries [1,2]. The measurement of the amount of fluoride released into distilled water within a determined period by laboratory studies is a used method to determine the cariostatic properties of restorative materials [4]. Several glass-ionomer based materials have been developed to improve low mechanical properties [2]. Some of these materials are giomer, glass carbomer, ceramic reinforced GIC, zirconia reinforced GIC and high viscosity GIC. The application of surface coating agents is recommended to improve the mechanical properties of the glass ionomerbased materials by hindering early water contamination [9]
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