Abstract
Accelerated tooth movement can be achieved using micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) to stimulate regeneration of the alveolar bone during minimally invasive surgical trauma. However, there is currently no standardized protocol and limited reports regarding the side effects of MOPs based on biological evidence. This study sought to evaluate the biological effects of the number of MOPs on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the potential risk for root resorption. Male CD1 mice were divided into 4 groups based on the number of MOPs, as follows: Sham; 0MOP+OTM; 2MOP+OTM; and 4MOP+OTM groups. Tooth movement distance and the number of osteoclasts were higher whereas bone volume and trabecular number were lower in the 4MOP+OTM group compared to those of the 0MOP+OTM group. Immunofluorescent assay analysis indicated that the 4MOP+OTM group was positively associated with rapid cementum regeneration and periodontal ligament tissue formation. Our findings revealed that the MOP procedure affected tooth movement and did not significantly contribute to root resorption, whereas it may promote constitutive activation of cementogenesis.
Highlights
In orthodontic treatment, one of the main objectives is to reduce the duration of the orthodontic treatment without contributing to side effects such as root resorption
To investigate the rate of tooth movement and periodontal tissue damage arising from MOP, this study evaluated the rate of tooth movement and the risk for root resorption and remodeling of the periodontium resulting from different numbers of MOP combined with an applied orthodontic force in a mouse model
We investigated whether the Wnt signaling pathway including Axin2, β-catenin, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) plays a critical role in the regenerative process of the root surface and periodontal ligament (PDL) space due to the MOP procedure
Summary
One of the main objectives is to reduce the duration of the orthodontic treatment without contributing to side effects such as root resorption. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) uses a mechanical force to induce tooth movement, but it may couple bone resorption and bone formation (Krishnan and Davidovitch, 2006). To modulate these biological processes, various surgical interventions have been introduced to accelerate tooth movement based on the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) (Murphy et al, 2014; Tsai et al, 2016; Zou et al, 2019). The RAP, first introduced by Frost (1983), is biological reaction that described the localized self-demineralization process in the alveolar bone. RAP is characterized at the cellular level by increased activation of the basic multinuclear units (BMUs), thereby increasing the bone remodeling rate. RAP occurs typically in the periodontal tissue after surgical operation and affects the rate of tooth movement under orthodontic force (Verna, 2016)
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