Effect of the interpass temperature on simulated heat-affected zone of gas metal arc welded API 5L X70 pipe joint

Paulo Henrique Grossi Dornelas,Diogo De Oliveira Moraes,Victor Hugo Pereira Moraes E Oliveira,Petrônio Zumpano Júnior,João Da Cruz Payão Filho

doi:10.1007/s00170-021-08261-2

Abstract

Welding costs associated with the laying of pipes for deepwater oil and gas extraction can be reduced using high interpass temperatures (ITs). However, a high IT can decrease the mechanical properties of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welded joints. With the use of high strength-toughness steels, this decrease may be an acceptable trade-off. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of high ITs on the HAZ. The influence of the IT on the coarse-grain HAZ (CGHAZ) and intercritically reheated coarse-grain HAZ (ICCGHAZ) of an API 5L X70 pipe joint welded by gas metal arc welding was investigated. The welding was numerically simulated using finite element method software. The microstructure of the HAZ was predicted using thermodynamic simulation software. The CGHAZ and ICCGHAZ were also physically simulated and evaluated via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, dilatometry, and Vickers microhardness and Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact tests. The increase in IT led to a decrease in CGHAZ microhardness but did not affect the ICCGHAZ. The CVN energies obtained for all ITs (CGHAZ and ICCGHAZ) were higher than that set by the DNVGL-ST-F101 standard (50 J). These results show that increasing the IT is an interesting and effective method to reduce welding costs. In addition, thermodynamic simulation proved to be a valid method for predicting the phases in the HAZ of API 5L X70 pipe welded joints.

Highlights

To strengthen their position in a highly competitive market, oil and gas companies have funded research projects aimed at developing solutions to reduce their process costs
The Charpy V-notch (CVN) energies obtained for all interpass temperatures (ITs) (CGHAZ and intercritically reheated coarse-grain HAZ (ICCGHAZ)) were higher than that set by the DNVGL-ST-F101 standard (50 J)
This paper examines the effects of welding at IT ≥ 300°C on the microstructures and impact toughness of the simulated coarse grain HAZ (CGHAZ) and ICCGHAZ of a high strength-toughness API 5L X70 pipe

Summary

Introduction

To strengthen their position in a highly competitive market, oil and gas companies have funded research projects aimed at developing solutions to reduce their process costs. The exploration of oil and gas in high-deep-water requires the use of longer rigid risers. These pipes are initially welded on support ships (~ US $650,000/day rent) and laid by the J-lay method. The reduction of the welding time can be achieved by developing welding parameters, such as high heat input [1] and welding current [2]. This can decrease the hardness and impact toughness [3,4] of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of high-strength lowalloy (HSLA) steels because of the formation of brittle regions, such as a coarse grain HAZ (CGHAZ) [5] and an intercritically reheated coarse-grain HAZ (ICCGHAZ) [6], which increase the risk of welded joint failure [7]

Methods

Results

Conclusion