Effect of the Hydrogen Injection Position on the Combustion Process of a Direct Injection X-Type Rotary Engine with a Hydrogen Blend

Abstract

As a new type of power device, the X-type rotary engine (XRE) is regarded as a major revolution of the internal combustion engine with its special structure and high-efficiency hybrid cycle (HEHC). A 3D CFD model of an XRE with hydrogen–gasoline fuel is firstly built in this paper. The gasoline is premixed with air in the intake of the XRE. The hydrogen is directly injected (DI) into the cylinder with four different injection positions. The effects of the hydrogen injection position on the combustion process, engine thermodynamic performance, and unburned carbon emissions and NOx emissions are investigated. The results show that, due to the interaction between the in-cylinder main flow field and the injected hydrogen gas flow, different hydrogen concentration zones are formed at different injection positions. Furthermore, a larger hydrogen distribution area and being closer to the ignition position led to a faster in-cylinder combustion rate and a higher in-cylinder temperature and pressure. When the injection position is from the front to the back of the combustion chamber such as in position 2, the hydrogen has the widest distribution area and is closest to the ignition position, resulting in its fastest combustion speed. Meanwhile, the peak in-cylinder pressure is 3.73 MPa and the peak temperature is a maximum of 1835.16 K. Especially, the highest indicated thermal efficiency of 26.56% is found in position 2, which is 10.08% higher than that of position 4 (from right to left of the combustion chamber), which was 24.13%. At the same time, due to the best overall combustion effect, position 2 presents the lowest final unburned carbon emission of 0.36 mg, while it produces the highest NOx emission of 9.15 μg. Thus, this study provides important theoretical guidelines for the hydrogen injection strategy of the XRE using hydrogen–gasoline fuel.