Effect of the homogenization process on the sensory and rheological properties in model system.

Abstract

High pressure homogenization has been used for preparation and stabilization of emulsions and suspensions, promoting physical changes in products, such as viscosity change. However, its use in model systems for fruit nectar is innovative. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the processing in high pressure homogenizer on the rheological behavior and the sensory attributes in model system of gellan gum. Gellan gum (0.05%), organic acids (0.3%), and sucrose (10%) were used to prepare the solutions, which were subsequently homogenized (0-control, 25 and 50 MPa) at 25°C. Rheological and sensory analyses were performed. The samples presented pseudoplastic behavior without residual stress and were characterized by the Ostwald-de-Waele model. The homogenization pressure (PH ) altered the viscosity of the model systems, reduced the consistency index and apparent viscosity, and increased the flow behavior index. The stimuli sour taste and viscosity differed among the parameters evaluated in the time-intensity analysis. No differences were observed for the maximum intensity of viscosity between the treated samples (25 and 50 MPa), which exhibited a similar temporal profile. Therefore, studies on the rheological and sensory behavior are fundamental to product development and process optimization. The present study shows new trends on the use of the high pressure homogenizer and the sensory profile in model systems that can be used for fruit nectar. This study evaluated the sensory attributes through the time-intensity analysis. The sensory data indicate that the homogenization pressure altered the viscosity perception, but did not alter the perception of the acid taste for the same organic acid used. Sensory as well as rheological data present new alternatives for product development. These findings are interesting for future research, equipment design, and process optimization.