Effect of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia and fosthiazate on the multiplication rate of potato cyst nematodes ( Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis) in potato crops grown under UK field conditions

Abstract

This is the first report of the successful use of Pochonia chlamydosporia as a biological control agent against potato cyst nematodes (PCN) ( Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis) in potato crops grown under commercial field conditions and represents an important step in the development of biological control for PCN. Two field experiments were established in consecutive years (2006 and 2007) at different field sites in Shropshire, England. Treatments comprised of (1) untreated control, (2) P. chlamydosporia, (3) P. chlamydosporia with the nematicide fosthiazate and (4) fosthiazate alone. In both experiments, significant reductions in the nematode multiplication rate ( Pf/ Pi) for P. chlamydosporia treated plots were observed (48% and 51% control, respectively). The P. chlamydosporia treatment did not differ significantly from both fosthiazate treatments in terms of Pf/ Pi in spite of the trend towards increased control particularly in Experiment 1. P. chlamydosporia therefore provided similar levels of nematode population control as fosthiazate. The combined treatment did not provide any additional reduction in Pf/ Pi but demonstrated that P. chlamydosporia was compatible with fosthiazate. Over the different developmental stages of the juvenile nematodes, there was evidence of parasitism of adult females on the plant root by P. chlamydosporia. Root colonization by P. chlamydosporia was higher in the P. chlamydosporia treatment due to increased levels of nematodes in plant roots. Results from both experiments demonstrated the efficacy of P. chlamydosporia as a biological control agent of PCN and indicate its potential for use as part of an integrated pest management strategy.