Effect of the Differences Among Individual Farmers on the Intention and Adoption of Conservative Agriculture Practices in Pakistan

Abstract

This study aims to explore the roles of farmers’ personal factors, such as age, education, and experience on the intention to adopt and use conservative agriculture practices (CAPs)s. The data were collected from 336 rice farmers in the Punjab, Pakistan, using field survey. SmartPLS was utilised for data analysis. The results reveal that the perceptions of CAPs regarding performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence are significantly different among the farmers based on their personal factors, such as age, education, and experience. Moreover, the use of CAPs also varies based on the farmers’ personal factors. However, young and educated farmers are more inclined to use CAPs. To promote CAPs adoption, governments need to attract young and educated farmers by allowing them to use CAPs. Moreover, training and promoting the facilitating condition can promote the adoption of CAPs. The extension role needs improvements to extend the services at the grassroots level to achieve mass adoption.