Effect of the deviation of the chemical composition from the stoichiometric composition on the structural and phase transformations and properties of rapidly quenched Ti50 + x Ni25 − x Cu25 alloys

Abstract

Methods of X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and electron diffraction have been used to study phase composition and structure of an almost stoichiometric alloy Ti50Ni25Cu25. The alloys of the quasi-binary section TiNi-TiCu to be studied, which exhibit in the initial ascast state thermoelastic martensitic transformations B2 ↔ B19 and related shape-memory effects, have been produced by rapid quenching of the melt (melt spinning technique). The chemical composition of the Ti50 + xNi25 − xCu25 alloys was varied with respect to titanium and nickel within x ≤ ±1% (from Ti49Ni26Cu25 to Ti51Ni24Cu25). It has been shown that the rapid quenching from the melt at a cooling rate of 106 K/s provides amorphization for all the alloys under consideration. Heating to 723 K or higher temperatures leads to the devitrification of the amorphous alloys with the formation of a polycrystalline structure of the B2 austenite. The mechanical properties of the alloys have been measured in the initial amorphous state and after subsequent heat treatment. It has been established that, depending on the degree of deviation of the alloy from the stoichiometric composition, which leads to solid solution decomposition in the process of nanocrystallization upon heat treatment, there occur regular changes in the mechanical properties and shape-memory effects of the alloys. The characteristic temperatures of the onset and finish of the process of crystallization from the amorphous and amorphous-crystalline states and the critical temperatures of the onset and finish of the forward and reverse thermoelastic martensitic transitions have been determined by measuring temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity of the alloys. The diagram of the dependence of the critical temperatures on the chemical composition of the alloy has been constructed.