Abstract
The feasibility of controlling the degree of retardation of a cathodic process by changing the ratio of the components in the liquid phase and nature of electron shifts in additive molecule (benzhydrazine) is discussed. The minimum electrode reaction rate is observed in a range of water structure stabilization under conditions of the predominant adsorption of organic molecules. The highest efficiency are achieved using an additive with an electron-donating substituent in the molecule. The highest rate of the electroreduction of Cd2+ and the lowest efficiency of the additives are registered in the region of the loosening of the structure of the mixed solvent, causing selective ion solvation to become possible, which results in an abrupt increase in the adsorption activity of ClO4− anions on the cathode and is the main reason for the ψ’ effect during the electroreduction of metal ions.
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