Effect of The Combination of Kefa Forest Honey and Euphorbia hirta as a Curative agent of Vibrio alginolyticus in the Hybrid Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus

Abstract

Kefa forest honey and Euphorbia hirta have an antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria in fish. This work investigated the combination of honey and E. hirta against Vibrio alginolitycus in the hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. The active ingredients and antibacterial activity of Kefa forest honey and E. hirta were tested in vitro at different concentrations using the disk method. The experimental animals were injected with V. alginolitycus suspension at a concentration of 106 cells ml−1/fish. After the fish showed symptoms of infection, the treatment was carried out for 5 consecutive days by immersion in the mixture of 25% Kefa honey and E. hirta at different concentrations of honey and E. hirta combinations. After treatment, the fish were monitored for 7 days. During the study, observations on hematology and clinical symptoms were made. The results showed that the combination of Kefa honey and E. hirta had antibacterial activity against V. alginolitycus in vitro and in vivo can increase the hematological profile of grouper and alleviate clinical symptoms due to V. alginolitycus infection. The results showed that administration of a combination Kefa forest honey and E. hirta was effective as a cure for V. alginolyticus infection in grouper.