Effect of the cell type and cell density on the binding of living cells to a silica particle: An atomic force microscope study

Abstract

We used the atomic force microscope to study how the cell type and the density of cells adsorbed at a substrate can affect the adhesion between a living cell and a model drug delivery system (DDS) carrier nano-particle. We used three different anchorage-dependent cells, i.e., a living mouse fibroblast cell (L929), a living human colon cancer cell (Caco2), and a living mouse malignant melanoma cell (B16F10). For the DDS model nano-particle, we used a silica colloid. In order to correlate the adhesion force with the cell types, the growth curve of the cells were determined with a haemocytometer. The shapes of the cells at the different stages were monitored by light microscopy, and the morphology of their surfaces obtained by tapping mode atomic force microscopy. Force measurements showed that the Caco2 cell bound little to a silica particle, regardless of the cell density. The L929 cell bound well to a silica particle for low and high cell densities. The B16F10 cell bound little to a silica particle for low cell densities, but bound well for high cell densities. AFM images showed that the L929 cell did not contain folds. The B16F10 cells, however, displayed folds in the cell surface for low cell densities, but no folds in the cell for high cell densities. As literature also reported that the Caco2 cell contains folds, these results suggested that cells with folds showed less adhesion to a silica particle than cells without folds. The presence of folds in the cell presumably decreased the number of sites on the cell that could hydrogen bond or undergo van der Waals binding with the silanol groups of the silica particle.