Abstract
In this study, a template copolymer (TPAA) of (3-Acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (AATPAC) and acrylamide (AM) was successfully synthesized though ultrasonic-initiated template copolymerization (UTP), using sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) as a template. TPAA was characterized by an evident cationic microblock structure which was observed through the analyses of the reactivity ratio, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H (13C) NMR), and thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC). The introduction of the template could improve the monomer (AATPAC) reactivity ratio and increase the length and amount of AATPAC segments. This novel cationic microblock structure extremely enhanced the ability of charge neutralization, patching, and bridging, thus improving the activated sludge flocculation performance. The experiments of floc formation, breakage, and regrowth revealed that the cationic microblock structure in the copolymer resulted in large and compact flocs, and these flocs had a rapid regrowth when broken. Finally, the larger and more compact flocs contributed to the formation of more channels and voids, and therefore the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) reached a minimum.
Highlights
In sludge conditioning, flocculation is regarded as an important process in which the colloidal and suspended particles are separated and removed subsequently [1]
TPAA with a cationic microblock structure was successfully synthesized thoughaultrasonic-initiated copolymerization (UTP), and this novel microblock synthesized though ultrasonic-initiated template copolymerization (UTP), and this novel microblock
A template copolymer TPAA with a cationic microblock structure was successfully synthesized though ultrasonic-initiated template copolymerization (UTP), and this novel microblock structure was confirmed by the analytical results of 1 H (13 C) NMR, thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), and the monomer reactivity ratio
Summary
Flocculation is regarded as an important process in which the colloidal and suspended particles are separated and removed subsequently [1]. Three main flocculation mechanisms bridging, charge neutralization, and patching, play a critical role in the flocculation process [2]. The polymers adsorb on the particles surface and their loops and tails will attach themselves to bare patches on the approaching particles to form bridges, causing them to aggregate [3]. The situation of charge neutralization and patching are different from that of bridging. Flocculation occurred as a result of the reduced surface charge of the particles and the decreased electrical repulsion between them [5].
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