Abstract
Vicine is hydrolyzed by microflora to highly reactive free radical generating compound divicine which causes mortality and other adverse effects. This study in the rats established the effect of a broad spectrum and poorly absorbed antibiotic, neomycin sulfate on the toxicity of vicine. The results showed extremely decrease in mortality rate in the group pretreated with neomycin. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct) value, and red blood cells (RBCs) count were significantly decreased after injection of vicine and the improvement of these values in the group pretreated with neomycin. The same results were observed in white blood cells (WBCs). The results showed a significant decrease in glucose level and returned to normal in group pretreated with neomycin. Glutathione (GSH) was significantly decreased in the vicine group and returned to normal value in the group pretreated with neomycin. Lipid peroxide (TBARs) was significantly increased in the group treated with vicine and neomycin pretreated group decreased to the normal level. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6-PD) activity was significantly decreased and returned to normal level in rats pretreated with neomycin. Serum protein and globulin were significantly decreased but serum albumin showed insignificant decrease in vicine and neomycin groups compared to control. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly decreased in the vicine group. The group pretreated with neomycin showed significantly increased activities of AST and ALT compared with vicine group. In conclusion, neomycin pretreatment of rats injected with glycoside vicine decreased to a great extent of its toxic and mortality effects and is useful in favism and hemolytic anemia.
Highlights
The importance of legumes in agriculture, human consumption, and animal nutrition is increasing exponentially due to the increasing world population and its need for proteins
The glycoside vicine that is found in the faba beans (Vicia faba L.) when administered intraperitoneally at relatively large amounts resulted in a rapid decrease in the concentration of blood GSH followed by death of the animals, where 400 mg/kg vicine was responsible for 80% mortality rate after 48 hours and no more deathes were observed in rats when administrated vicine for 7 days while 500 mg/kg vicine gives mortality rate of 100% during 7-day treatment [11]
These results can be attributed to the rapid uptake and hydrolysis of this glycoside by the intestinal microflora [9, 30], to highly reactivate free radical generating compound divicine which has been strongly suggested to be the causative agent in favism [31]
Summary
The importance of legumes in agriculture, human consumption, and animal nutrition is increasing exponentially due to the increasing world population and its need for proteins. Faba bean is the second most important legume crop in Europe, which accounts for 14% of the world area and about 25% of the world production [1] It is widely grown and consumed, especially in Egypt, Mediterranean region, China, North African countries and parts of Europe, and South America, and is served in a great variety of forms, mostly based on the immature or mature seed. For both humans and livestock, it provides high-quality, lysine-rich proteins, carbohydrates, and fibers. Faba beans have lipidlowering effects and may be a good source of antioxidants and chemopreventive factors [4]
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