Abstract
The leaf of Psidium guava is traditionally used in Asia to manage, control and treat diabetes. We designed this study to elucidate the effect of the administration of oral doses of aqueous and ethanol extract from Psidium guava leaves on plasma glucose, lipid profiles and the sensitivity of the vascular mesenteric bed to Phenylephrine in diabetic and non diabetic rats. Animals were divided into 5 groups (n = 10): two groups served as non-diabetic controls (NDC), while the other groups had diabetes induced with a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Psidium guavatreated chronic diabetic (PSG-CD) and Psidium guava-treated controls (PSG-C) received 1 g/l of Psidium guava added to the drinking water for 8 weeks. The mesenteric vascular beds were prepared using the McGregor method. Administration of Psidium guava caused Ca/Mg ratio, plasma glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations to return to normal levels, and was shown to decrease alteration in vascular reactivity to vasoconstrictor agents. Our results support the hypothesis that Psidium guava could play a role in the management of diabetes and the prevention of vascular complications in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia and alterations in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolisms associated with absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/ or insulin action [1]
Administration of Psidium guava for 8 weeks caused the plasma glucose concentrations in the Psidium guavatreated chronic diabetic (PSG-chronic diabetic (CD)) group to return to normal levels (118.88 ± 9.44) but there were no changes in blood glucose in the Psidium guava-treated controls (PSG-C) group
Before initiation of Psidium guava and STZ administration, the Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test (IPGTT) patterns for 3 groups (NDC, CD and PSG-CD) were similar and there was no significant difference between the groups when the glycemic response was expressed as the area under the curve (AUC)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia and alterations in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolisms associated with absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/ or insulin action [1]. One-third of patients with type 1 diabetes will develop related complications [2]. There has been increasing evidence recently that postprandial diabetes and hyperglycemia are important contributory factors in atherosclerosis [5]. The postprandial phase is characterized by a massive rapid increase in blood glucose levels where alteration in the sensitivity or reactivity of vascular smooth muscle to neurotransmitters and circulating hormones may cause or contribute to diabetic vessel complications [5,6]. Clinical atherosclerotic disease is positively associated with total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, while it is inversely associated with HDL cholesterol [7]
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