Effect of the ADIPOQ Gene -11391G/A Polymorphism Is Modulated by Lifestyle Factors in Mexican Subjects

Abstract

Background/Aims: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADIPOQ gene could explain the adiponectin level. However, the knowledge about the influence of genetic and lifestyle factors is not sufficient. The aim was to analyze whether the effect of the -11391G/A SNP in the ADIPOQ gene is modulated by lifestyle factors in Mexican subjects. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in which 394 participants were analyzed. Genetic, anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, clinical and physical activity parameters were measured. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSSv19 software. Results: The distribution of the -11391G/A SNP genotypes was 55.6 and 44.4% for GG and AG, respectively. The adiponectin level was modulated by the -11391G/A SNP in response to the body mass index (BMI); A allele carriers showed a higher adiponectin level compared to G homozygous carriers but only in the minor BMI tertile group (p = 0.032). Adiponectin level variability was explained by gender [(r) = 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-1.9, p = 0.000], insulin resistance [(r) = -1.2, 95% CI -0.8 to -1.6, p = 0.000], physical activity [(r) = 0.6, 95% CI 0.2-0.9, p = 0.002] and monounsaturated fat intake [(r) = 0.5, 95% CI 0.38-1.0, p = 0.047]. Conclusions: The adiponectin level was modulated by the interaction between BMI and -11391G/A SNP; this suggests that the lifestyle rather than genetic factors modulates serum adiponectin.