Abstract
Dried and crushed dandelion roots (Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg.) (TO) were used as a formulation additive (at the amount of 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 g 100 g−1 flour) to wheat bread. The farinographic properties of the dough and the physical and chemical properties of the bread were evaluated. It was found that the addition of dried flour caused a significant decrease in water absorption by the flour (1% and higher TO level), an increase in the development time (from 2% to 5% TO addition) and dough stability (3% and 4% TO level), and an increase in dough softening (4% and higher TO level). As the substitution of TO for wheat flour increased, there was a gradual decrease in loaf volume, an increase in specific weight and crumb hardness, and a darkening of the crumb color. The total polyphenol content increased linearly with the percentage increase of dried root additions TO from 0.290 to 0.394 mg GAE g−1 d.m., which translated into an increase in the antioxidant activity of the bread. It was found that dried crushed roots of Taraxacum officinale can be a recipe additive for wheat bread; however, due to their specific smell and bitter aftertaste, the level of this additive should not exceed 3 g 100 g−1 flour.
Highlights
Wheat flour used as the basic raw material for bread baking was characterized by an appropriate baking value, containing 12.76 ± 0.02% d.m. of total protein and 30.7 ± 0.05%
13.8 ± 0.0%, while the total ash content (0.71 ± 0.0% d.m.) was in accordance with the flour type declared by the producer
According to the information included in a producer label, it contained 72% carbohydrates, 7.2% proteins, and 0.7% unsaturated fatty acids
Summary
H. Wigg.) is a perennial plant of the family Aste-raceae. There are more than 2500 species of plants belonging to the genus Taraxacum, which are morphologically diverse. Is most likely of European origin and is widespread in the warm temperate zone [1]. It is a common weed growing in meadows, lawns, and roadside ditches in areas including northern and western Europe, north-western Siberia, Greenland, Iceland, and eastern Canada [2,3]
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