Abstract
In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are reaching alarming levels in the atmosphere, capture, recovery, and transformation of carbon dioxide emitted to methane is considered a potentially profitable process. This transformation, known as methanation, is a catalytic reaction that mainly uses catalysts based on noble metals such as Ru and, although with less efficiency, on transition metals such as Ni. In order to improve the efficiency of these conventional catalysts, the effect of adding alkaline earth metals (Ba, Ca, or Mg at 10 wt%) and lanthanides (La or Ce at 14 wt%) to nickel (13 wt%), ruthenium (1 wt%), or both-based catalysts has been studied at temperatures between 498 and 773 K and 10 bar pressure. The deactivation resistance in presence of H2S was also monitored. The incorporation of La into the catalyst produces interactions between active metal Ni, Ru, or Ru-Ni and the alumina support, as determined by the characterization. This fact results in an improvement in the catalytic activity of the 13Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, which achieves a methane yield of 82% at 680 K for 13Ni/14La-Al2O3, in addition to an increase in H2S deactivation resistance. Furthermore, 89% was achieved for 1Ru-13Ni/14La-Al2O3 at 651 K, but it showed to be more vulnerable to H2S presence.
Highlights
IntroductionGreenhouse gases (GHGs) constitute part of the Earth’s atmosphere naturally, maintaining the optimal conditions for life [1]
The chemical composition of the calcined catalysts employed in the CO2 methanation was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analyses
The experimental nominal content of Ni was higher or lower than the target composition depending on the metal modifying the support
Summary
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) constitute part of the Earth’s atmosphere naturally, maintaining the optimal conditions for life [1]. The ability of GHG to conserve part of the energy from solar radiation allows the planet’s temperature to be moderate (17 ◦ C global average) [2]. With the advent of the industrial revolution, new energy sources based on the combustion of fossil fuels appeared. With the increasing industrialization of the last century and a half, energy demand has been going up to gratify the growing food demand caused by the increase in the world’s population. Large-scale agriculture has increased, this entails great deforestation to enlarge arable land. All this has meant that GHGs levels have reached levels never seen before.
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