Abstract
Tibial dyschodroplasia (TD) is a most common pathological condition in many avian species that is characterized by failure of growth plate (GP) modeling that leads to the persistence of avascular lesion in the GP. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is widely used to treat neurovascular disorders and pulmonary hypertension, but no report is available about promoting effect of TMP against TD. Therefore, a total of 210 broiler chicks were equally divided into three groups; Control, TD and TMP. During the experiment mortality rate, chicken performance indicators (daily weight, average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio), tibia bone indicators (weight, length, width of tibial and the size of GP) in addition to gene expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were examined. The results showed that TMP administration restore the GP width, increase growth performance, and mitigated the lameness in broiler chickens. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF increased significantly in TD affected thiram induced chicks. Whereas, TMP treatment down-regulated HIF-1α and VEGF genes and proteins expressions. The present study demonstrates that the TMP plays an important role in angiogenesis during the impairment and recovery of GP in TD via regulation of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in chickens.
Highlights
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a tibiotarsal bone disorder in chickens which is characterized by avascular and non-mineralized growth plate (GP) and is recognized as lameness and abnormal differentiation of chondrocytes in avian species[1,2,3]
The capillary invasion mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key mechanism for the precise coupling of chondssrogenesis and osteogenesis that determines the rate of bone growth and is a prerequisite for bone formation[8,9,20,21,22,23]
Recent studies show that production of VEGF by the hypertrophic chondrocytes is regulated by hypoxia and by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) that plays major roles in the prevention of TD9,26–30
Summary
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a tibiotarsal bone disorder in chickens which is characterized by avascular and non-mineralized growth plate (GP) and is recognized as lameness and abnormal differentiation of chondrocytes in avian species[1,2,3]. The capillary invasion mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key mechanism for the precise coupling of chondssrogenesis and osteogenesis that determines the rate of bone growth and is a prerequisite for bone formation[8,9,20,21,22,23] Any changes in this balance might induce pathological conditions, as exemplified by the large numbers of human chondrodysplasias and animal transgenic models[24,25]. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of TMP on tibial dyschondroplasia incidence, tibial angiogenesis, performance, and characteristics via regulation of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in broiler chickens
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