Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the nephroprotective and nephrocurative effects of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. leaves against gentamicin-induced acute renal injury in albino rats. The maximum free radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract was the basis for the selection of this extract for the in vivo study. Gentamicin (40 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered to induce toxicity in the toxic group and the ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg p.o.) was administered in all treated groups. Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were monitored to assess the effects. The antioxidant potential was also evaluated by the estimation of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Gentamicin intoxication caused significant increases in blood urea and serum creatinine levels as compared to the normal control. In the preventive regimen, the extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant reductions in the elevated blood urea and serum creatinine. Histopathological changes were in accordance with the biochemical findings. Also in the curative regimen, the blood urea and serum creatinine levels revealed significant curative effects. In our in vivo antioxidant activity, the GSH level was significantly (P< 0.05) increased in the extract-treated groups, whereas MDA was reduced significantly (P< 0.05). Further thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) led us to ascertain the presence of rutin and quercetin in the extract. We were able to isolate and characterize an isolate from the ethanolic extract and characterize it on the basis of chromatographic, melting point, FTIR, NMR, and mass spectroscopic studies. The findings suggest that the ethanol extract of Tephrosia purpurea leaves possesses marked nephroprotective and curative activities without any toxicity. The proposed mechanisms for the claimed activity are antioxidant activity and the inhibition of an overproduction of NO and Cox-2 expression. These activities may be attributed to the presence of phenolics and flavonoidal compounds like rutin and quercetin. Thus, it can be said that Tephrosia purpurea could offer a promising role in the treatment of acute renal injury caused by nephrotoxins like gentamicin.
Highlights
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. (Fabaceae) (TP), commonly known in Sanskrit as ‘Sarapunkha’, is a highly branched, sub-erect, herbaceous perennial herb [1]
Chromatographic Profiling of TP using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) Studies The ethanolic extract showed a positive Shinoda test indicating the presence of flavonoids
Co-chromatography with standard flavonoidal compounds, i.e. rutin and quercetin, on TLC showed the spots at the same Rf as the standard compounds, further clarifying the presence of flavonoidal compounds in the extract
Summary
Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. (Fabaceae) (TP), commonly known in Sanskrit as ‘Sarapunkha’, is a highly branched, sub-erect, herbaceous perennial herb [1]. According to Ayurvedic literature, this plant is given the name of 'wranvishapaka' which means that it has the property of healing all types of wounds [2]. It is an important component of some preparations such as Tephroli and Yakrifit used for liver disorders [3, 4]. The dried herb is effective as a tonic laxative, diuretic, and deobstruent. It is used in the treatment of bronchitis, bilious febrile attack, boils, pimples, and bleeding piles. Phytochemical investigations on TP have revealed the presence of glycosides, rotenoids, isoflavones, flavanones, chalcones, flavanols, and sterols [9]
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