Effect of temperature on the duration of egg development, and moulting and growth in juveniles of Crangonyx pseudogracilis (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in the laboratory

Abstract

SUMMARY. The interval between moults is an extension of egg development time, increasing from birth to sexual maturity which is probably reached at instar 6 or 7. The duration of each instar increased with the animal's age. Incubation time for eggs and the intermoult interval have the same curvilinear inverse relationship with water temperature in the range 3.5–25°C. Results are expressed as degree‐days above predicted threshold temperatures of 3.8°C for eggs and 3.2°C for instar 1 after birth, but inverse power‐law relationships were a better fit to the results, with exponents of ‐ 1.355 for eggs, ‐ 1.263 for instar 1 and ‐ 1.37 to ‐ 1.92 for instars 2–4. Temperature — dependence apparently altered in instars 5 and 6 at 15–25°C. From a multiple regression of geometric mean moult interval (Mi, days) against mean age (A) and temperature (T, °C), Mi= 56.4 T−0.7 e0.016A, with mean ages of 106 days at 15°C and 85 days at 25°C after six moults.The mean number of primary flagellar segments on the antennules increased from 4.0 in instar 1 to 6.0 in instar 2 and 8.0 in instar 3. Thereafter, segments were added less regularly to give a mean of 13.2 in instar 7. In a natural population, when the sexes became distinctive they had 11–13 flagellar segments.From birth at c. 0.05 mg wet wt, individual growth rates were highly variable; mean growth rates (Gs, % wet wt day−1) were similar in animals fed on dried, leached elm leaves and living, green leaves of Callitriche; there was a power‐law relationship with temperature in the range 3.5–25°C, (Gs= 0.27 T0.59). Faster growth rates were obtained on living leaves of Elodea. Sexual maturity is reached at c. 0.4–0.5 mg wet wt. A brief comparison is made with Gammarus pulex; C. pseudogracilis may be better adapted to warm‐water habitats.