Abstract
Developmental periods, adult longevity and thermal requirements of Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) were investigated at 18, 20, 22 and 24°C constant temperature. The development durations decreased as the temperature increased. At 24°C and 18°C the periods for egg-mummy period was 8.85 days and 12.79 days; the mummy-adult period was 5.29 days and 7.31 days; the egg-adult period was 14.14 days and 20.10 days; and for the adult longevity was 3.22 days and 4.69 days. The rate of development of all stages increased as the temperature increased from 18 to 24°C. The developmental threshold of D. rapae estimated using linear regression was 4.5, 2.33, 3.75 and 4.87, while the mean thermal units were 166.8, 117.03, 282.53 and 64.51 for egg-mummy period, mummy-adult period, egg-adult period and adult longevity, respectively. Results revealed that the optimal temperature for growth population of D. rapae ranged from 18 to 20°C. Key words: Diaeretiella rapae, Rhopalosiphum padi, biological aspects, Temperatures
Highlights
The oat bird-cherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Homoptera: Aphididae), is considered as one of the major cereal aphids of cereal crops (Baily, 2007 and Hill, 2008)
Temperature may partially affect the effectiveness of a parasitoid as a biological control agent in a particular region
The first objective of this study was to determine the influence of temperature on developmental periods during immature stages of D. rapae, adult longevity, number of adult/female and sex ratio
Summary
The oat bird-cherry aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Homoptera: Aphididae), is considered as one of the major cereal aphids of cereal crops (Baily, 2007 and Hill, 2008). (Homoptera: Aphididae), is considered as one of the major cereal aphids of cereal crops (Baily, 2007 and Hill, 2008). It causes serious problems on wheat, corn, barley, sorghum, rye, and brome (Modarres Awal, 2002; Jimenez-Martinez et al, 2004; Fabre et al, 2006; Borer et al, 2009 and Wang et al, 2015). There is conflicting information regarding the potential importance of D. rapae as a parasitoid of R. padi and S. graminum in winter wheat (French et al, 2001; Elliott et al, 2014). In addition to factors such as searching ability, host preference, and host suitability, knowledge of developmental responses to temperature should be considered when deciding which one of the parasitoids could be release for biological control (Bernal and Gonzalez, 1993)
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