Abstract
If the interesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methyl acetate at reactant to oil molar ratio of 18:1 in presence of potassium tert-butoxide in tert-butanol of molar ratio to oil 0.08 is conducted at a temperature of about 35 °C, reaction time for full conversion of oil is shorter than one hour, while at a temperature of 55 °C it is approximately 15 minutes. Reaction time at the desired temperature has a wide "optimal" range and cannot be an effective variable for the process optimisation. Experimental results at the temperature of 25 °C confirm the pseudo-first order of the reaction, which lowered towards the end of the reaction. The pseudo-first order rate constant was 0.63 min-1. Fuel characteristics of the interesterification reaction mixtures without purification improved with the rising of reaction temperature from 35 °C to 55 °C, however, they fail to meet the requirements of standard EN14214 for biodiesel. Methyl acetate to oil molar ratio 18:1 is too low for obtaining products with kinematic viscosity below 5.0 mm2/s.
Highlights
IntroductionAlmost 95% of the world's transportation energy come from petroleum-based fuels, largely gasoline and diesel
In our previous research we have shown that tert-BuOK/tert-BuOH catalyst [12] has high activity and is very suitable for interesterification reactions without competing transesterifications, this catalyst has been used in this work to investigate kinetics of the interesterification of rapeseed oil with methyl acetate
Mono-(MG), di- (DG) and TG, diacetyl monoglycerides (DAMG), monoacetyl diglycerides (MADG), monoacetyl monoglycerides (MAMG), monoacetin (MA), diacetines (DA), TA and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were analysed using DB5-HT column (15 m, 0.32 mm, 0.10 μm) under conditions prescribed in standard EN 14105, and mass percentage of reaction mixture was calculated as specified in our previous work [7]
Summary
Almost 95% of the world's transportation energy come from petroleum-based fuels, largely gasoline and diesel. Biodiesel is one of the good alternatives to the conventional energy resources It is well known as a renewable, nontoxic, aromatic and sulphur-free, biodegradable, and environment-friendly fuel that can perfectly substitute petrodiesel. The biodiesel production proceeds by transesterification of triglycerides with methanol in the presence of basic catalyst. This technology yields glycerol as a by-product and is sensitive to free fatty acids (FFA) present in the feedstock [5]. These disadvantages of transesterification encouraged a search for a more effective process for the synthesis of biodiesel with full conversion of raw material to fuel.
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