Abstract
To assess the possibility of using Wollastoniella rotunda as a biological-control agent against Thrips palmi in greenhouses in Japan, the effect of temperature on development and survival of W. rotunda was investigated. Developmental times and survival rates of W. rotunda eggs and nymphs when reared on T. palmi were measured at eight constant temperatures: 15.0, 17.5, 20.0, 22.5, 25.0, 27.5, 30.0 and 32.5°C. At these temperatures, the developmental times of W. rotunda eggs and nymphs ranged from 6.6 to 29.9 days and 14.0 to 47.6 days, respectively. The developmental zero (T0) and the thermal constant (K) were calculated to be 11.5°C and 106.4 degree-days for eggs, 9.6°C and 257.7 degree-days for male nymphs, and 9.2°C and 268.8 degree-days for female nymphs. More than 50% of the eggs died at 15.0°C and 32.5°C, while more than 70% of the eggs hatched at temperatures from 17.5 to 30.0°C. Nymphal survival rates reached 70% or more for all the temperatures tested. These results suggest that W. rotunda can survive and develop in Japanese greenhouses during the winter season.
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